Deep-Sea Biology 101
People throughout history have looked out over the sea and wondered what kind of world lies beneath the waves.
The oceans contain about 300 times more area in which
to support life than the world's continents do.
But since 75 percent of this area lies more than 1,000 meters below the surface, it has been hidden from us.
Only with advanced technology have we been able to
explore this vast part of our world, so photographs and descriptions of the unique and fascinating animals living there have only begun to reach us recently.
The deep sea, at a depth 200 meters or more, is a harsh environment with temperatures below five degrees Celsius.
The pressure can reach 200 times the air pressure at the surface, and there is no sunlight.
Most animals which live near or above the surface
could never survive there, but deep-sea animals have changed to fit the harsh conditions.
Gradually, we are learning about how they live and
gaining answers to some of our questions.
1. 다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 빈 칸에 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.
①There are seven on earth, and they are North America, South America, Europe, Asia, (지구상에는 7개의 대륙이 있다.) Africa, Australia, and Antarctica.
② In cold places like Antarctica, the average is -50⁰C.
(평균기온이 섭씨 영하 50도이다)
③ Many animals according to their environment.
(변화해왔다)
Deep-Sea Biology 101 ☞ 교과서 182~3쪽
People (through/throughout) history (have/have) looked (in/out) over the sea and wondered (how/what) kind of world (lays/lies) beneath the waves. The oceans contain (for/about) 300 times more area (in which/at which) to support life than the world's continents (are/do). But since 75 percent of this area (lays/lies) more than 1,000 meters (under/below) the surface, it (has been hidden/was hidden) from us. only with (advanced/advancing) technology (have we been/we have been) able to explore this vast part of our world, so photographs and descriptions of the unique and (fascinating/fascinated) animals (lived/living) there (has/have) only begun to reach us recently.
The deep sea, (in/at) a (deep/depth) 200 meters or more, (are/is) a harsh environment with temperatures (under/below) five degrees Celsius. The pressure can (arrive/reach) 200 times the air pressure at the surface, and there is no sunlight. (Almost/Most) animals which live near or (above/on) the surface could never survive there, but deep-sea animals have changed to fit the harsh conditions. Gradually, we are learning about (they how/how they) live and (gain/gaining) answers to some of our questions.
Deep-Sea Biology 101
People __________________ history have __________________________ the sea and wondered what kind of world __________ beneath the waves. The oceans contain ___________ 300 times more area __________________ to support life _____________ the world's continents __________. But since 75 percent of this area ____________ more than 1,000 meters _____________ the surface, it has been ___________ from us. only with advanced technology ____________ we been able ___________ explore this vast part of our world, so photographs and descriptions of the unique and ______________ animals _____________ there have only begun _________________ us recently.
The deep sea, __________________ 200 meters or more, is a harsh environment with temperatures below five _______________ Celsius. The pressure can reach 200 times the air pressure at the surface, and there is _________ sunlight. Most animals ____________ live near or ___________________ the surface could never _____________ there, but deep-sea animals have changed _____________ the harsh conditions. _____________________, we are learning ________________ they live and __________________ answers to some of our questions.
심해 생물학 101
역사적으로 사람들은 바다를 바라보며 파도 밑에는 어떤 종류의 세상이 있을지 궁금히 여겨 왔다. 해양은 세계의 대륙보다 생명을 지탱할 면적을 300배나 더 가지고 있다. 하지만 이 면적의 75%가 수면의 1,000 미터 아래에 있기 때문에 우리에게 숨겨져 왔다. 기술이 발전되고 나서야 비로소 우리는 세상의 이 거대한 영역을 탐험할 수 있었고, 그래서 우리는 그곳에 살고 있는 독특하고 매혹적인 동물들의 사진과 설명을 최근에서야 접하기 시작했다.
200미터 이상의 깊이에 있는 심해는 섭씨 5도 이하의 온도로 된 척박한 환경이다. 압력은 수면의 기압의 200배에 달하고, 햇빛은 전혀 없다. 해수면 근처, 혹은 그 위에 사는 동물 중 대부분은 그곳에서 절대 생존할 수 없지만, 심해 동물들은 이 혹독한 조건에 적응하기 위해 변해왔다. 우리는 차츰 그들이 어떻게 사는지 알아가고 있으며, 우리가 가지고 있는 몇 가지 의문들에 대한 답을 얻고 있다.
본문 2
For example, how can animals see without any light? Surprisingly, there is actually some light in the deep sea.
Some animals have found a way to make their own light.
No one really knows how it works yet, but many fish create a chemical light, which makes them glow underwater.
These fish might use their light to communicate, find a mate, or even attract food.
They may also use it to scare away bigger fish.
It seems that many underwater creatures have developed unusual eyes to take advantage of this source of light.
Their eyes do not need to see in the way ours do,
but they are huge and can see the chemical light in the deep sea.
Before You Go on
1. What has made it possible to explore the deep sea?
2. What do many fish do to make themselves glow underwater?
Over to You
• If you had to find your way in the dark, what senses other than sight would you use?
●
1-2) 다음 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
01. The wonderful dolphin show (attracted/ distracted) a large audience.
02.The Titanic was a (huge/ small) ship that could hold more than 40, 000 people.
3-5) 다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.
03. I can't imagine in the dark. (they, how, things, see)
나는 그들이 어떻게 어둠속에서 사물을 볼 수 있는지 상상이 안 간다.
04. It many living creatures in the deep sea.(that, are, there, seems)
심해에는 많은 생명체가 있는 것 같아 보인다.
05. The penguins are sick and need of them.(care, take, to, somebody)
(펭귄들이 병들어서 그들을 돌봐줄 누군가를 필요로 한다)
For example, how can animals see without (some/any) light? (Surprising/Surprisingly), there is actually some light in the deep sea. (Any/Some) animals have found a way to (making/make) their own light. No one really (know/knows) how it works (already/yet), but many fish (create/creates) a chemical light, (what/which) makes them (to glow/glow) underwater. These fish (must/might) use their light to communicate, find a mate, or even attract food. They may also use it to scare (off/away) bigger fish. It seems that many underwater creatures (have developed/have been developed) unusual eyes to take advantage of this source of light. Their eyes (need not/do not need) to see in the way (we/ours) do, but they are huge and can see the chemical light in the deep sea.
Deep-Sea Biology 101 ☞ 교과서 184~5쪽
_____________________, how can animals see ________________ any light? _________________, there is actually some light in the deep sea. Some animals _____________________________ a way ___________________ their own light. No one really knows how it _________________ ______________, but many fish create a chemical light, ___________________ makes them glow underwater. These fish might use their light to ________________________, find a _____________, or even attract food. They may also use it to ___________________ bigger fish. It seems _______________ many underwater creatures have developed unusual eyes to __________________________________ this source of light. Their eyes do not need to see ______________________________ ___________________________, but they are huge and can see the chemical light in the deep sea.
Before You Go on
1. What has made it possible to explore the deep sea?
2. What do many fish do to make themselves glow underwater?
Over to You
• If you had to find your way in the dark, what senses other than sight would you use?
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Deep-Sea Biology 101
예를 들어, 동물들은 빛이 전혀 없는데 어떻게 볼 수 있을까? 놀랍게도, 사실 심해에도 약간의 빛은 있다. 몇몇 동물들이 그들만의 빛을 만드는 방법을 발견한 것이다. 그것이 어떤 원리인지는 아직 아무도 모르지만, 많은 물고기들이 화학적인 빛을 만들어 내며, 이것은 물속에서 그들이 빛나도록 해준다. 이 물고기들은 그들의 및을 의사소통하거나, 짝을 찾거나, 심지어는 먹이를 유인하기 위해 사용할 것이다. 그들은 또한 더 큰 물고기를 겁주어 쫓아 버리기 위해 빛을 사용할 수도 있다. 많은 해저 동물들이 이런 종류의 빛을 이용하기 위해 독특한 눈을 발달시키고 있는 것처럼 보인다. 그들의 눈이 보는 방식으로 보지는 않지만, 크기가 굉장히 크고 깊은 바다에 있는 화학적 빛을 볼 수 있다.
본문 3
The extreme pressure below 2,000 meters crushes human lungs and makes it impossible for surface fish to survive there.
The only way (how) humans have been able to go down that deep is in special submarines, which protect the crews from the intense pressure.
But what about deep-sea animals? How do they survive the pressure? Unlike fish that live near the surface,
most of them do not have air spaces in their bodies.
They are made entirely of liquid or solid material, so they are not affected by the pressure.
However, this poses a problem for animals that need to travel from the deep sea to the ocean's surface.
How can an animal go down to 2,000 meters below sea level and return to the ocean's surface, without gravity making them too heavy to swim upwards?
Several animals can do this. At the surface, whales take in a great amount of air through their blowholes.
The air moves into the lungs, but as the whale goes
deeper under the surface, the air moves into special places that are filled with fatty oils.
Since the air mixes well with the oil, the whale's lungs
are not crushed.
Sharks and rays can also move around naturally, because they have large, oily livers (to help them go up) and soft watery flesh (to help them sink).
(1-4) 다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 빈 칸에 알맞은 말을 쓰시오.
01. He was crying from the pain.
(그는 극심한 고통으로 인해 눈물을 흘리고 있었다)
02. Increasing numbers of cars will global warming.
(늘어나는 자동차의 수는 지구 온난화에 영향을 미칠 것이다)
03. The complete darkness made impossible for us see each other.
(너무 어두워서 우리는 서로를 보는 것이 불가능했다)
04. I'm too scared go underwater.
(나는 너무 무서워서 잠수를 하지 못한다)
The extreme pressure (under/below) 2,000 meters crushes human lungs and makes (that/it) impossible for surface fish to survive there. The only way (how/that) humans have been able to go down (this/that) deep (are/is) in special submarines, (what/which) protect the crews (for/from) the intense pressure.
But what about deep-sea animals? How do they survive the pressure? (Alike/Unlike) fish (what/that) live near the surface, (most of them/most of which) do not have air spaces in their bodies. They are made entirely (from/of) liquid or solid material, so they are not (affected/affecting) by the pressure. (Though/However), this poses a problem for animals (what/that) need to travel from the deep sea to the ocean's surface. How can an animal go down to 2,000 meters (under/below) sea level and return to the ocean's surface, (with/without) gravity (made/making) them (enough/too) heavy to swim upwards?
Several animals can do this. At the surface, whales take (out/in) a great (number/amount) of air through their blowholes. The air moves (in/into) the lungs, but (since/as) the whale goes deeper under the surface, the air moves (in/into) special places (what/that) are filled with fatty oils. (As/Since) the air mixes (good/well) with the oil, the whale's lungs are not (crushing/crushed). Sharks and rays can also move around (natural/naturally), because they have large, oily livers (to help them go up) and soft watery flesh (to help them sink).
Deep-Sea Biology 101
The __________________ pressure below 2,000 meters crushes human lungs and makes _________ impossible for surface fish ________________ there. The only way __________ humans have been able to go down that deep ______ in special submarines, __________ protect the crews _____________ the intense pressure.
But ___________ about deep-sea animals? ____________ do they survive the pressure? __________ fish __________ live near the surface, most of them do not have air spaces in their bodies. They are ____________________________ liquid or solid material, so they are not __________________ the pressure. ___________________, this poses a problem for animals _______________ need to travel from the deep sea to the ocean's surface. How can an animal go down to 2,000 meters _____________ sea level and return to the ocean's surface, _____________ gravity _______________ them too heavy to swim upwards?
Several animals can do _____________. At the surface, whales _________________ a great amount of air _________________ their blowholes. The air _________________ the lungs, but _______ the whale goes deeper under the surface, the air ________________ special places that _______________________ fatty oils. Since the air _________________ with the oil, the whale's lungs _________________________. Sharks and rays can also move around naturally, ________________ they have large, oily livers (to help them _______________) and soft watery flesh (to help them _________________).
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Deep-Sea Biology 101
2000 미터 아래의 엄청난 압력은 인간의 폐를 압착시키고 해수면에 살고 있는 물고기들이 그 곳에서 사는 것을 불가능하게 만든다. 인간이 그렇게 깊이 내려갈 수 있었던 유일한 방법은 특별한 잠수함을 타고서인데, 이 잠수함은 선원들을 그 엄청난 압력으로부터 보호해준다.
하지만, 심해 동물은 어떠할까? 그들은 어떻게 그 압력을 견디고 살아남는 것일까? 해수면 가까이에 사는 물고기들과 달리, 그들은 대부분 몸속에 공기가 들어가는 공간이 없다. 그들은 완전히 액체나 고체 물질로 만들어졌으므로, 압력에 의해 영향을 받지 않는다. 하지만 이것은 심해에서 바다 표면까지 이동해야 하는 동물들에겐 문제를 야기한다. 동물이 어떻게 해수면 2000미터 아래까지 내려갔다가, 위로 헤엄치기엔 너무 무거운 중력의 영향을 받지 않고 다시 해수면으로 올라올 수 있을까?
본문 4
Lack of food can pose a big problem for animals living in the deep sea.
After all, without sunlight, the deep sea lacks the simple plants which make up the base of the food chain at the surface.
Then, how do deep-sea fish eat? They wait until surface plants and animals die.
When an animal dies, for example, its body sinks.
In addition to the meat, the dead body carries down plants, which are also eaten by deep-sea fish.
The Tripod fish is one kind of fish that feeds this way.
It has large fin rays which let it "stand" on the sand on the ocean floor.
Then the fish stretches out its fins to feel the vibrations in the water caused by falling food.
Only about 1 percent of food sinks down to 1,000 meters, though, because so many other animals are waiting to catch it and eat it.
This source of food is called "food-fall."
Many small animals survive on it, and then they become food for larger animals.
Before You Go on
1. Why is it impossible for surface fish to survive below 2,000 meters?
2. What does the tripod fish use to feel the vibrations from falling food?
Over to You
• If you were at the bottom of the sea, what would you want to find out the most?
다음 우리 말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 빈 칸에 알맞은 단어를 쓰시오.
1. Bacteria make the base of the food chain iin many environments.
(많은 환경에서 박테리아는 먹이 사슬의 기초를 구성한다)
2. In addition jumping rope, the monkey even counted numbers.
(그 원숭이는 줄넘기를 하는 것뿐만 아니라 숫자도 세었다)
3~4) 다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 바르게 배열하시오.
03. Would you your computer?( use, me, let)
(내가 네 컴퓨터 좀 쓰게 해 줄 수 있니?)
04. That huge animal is the killer whale. (swimming, there, over)
(저기에서 헤엄치고 있는 저 큰 동물이 범고래야)
Lack of food can pose a big problem for animals (lived/living) in the deep sea. After all, (with/without) sunlight, the deep sea lacks the simple plants (what/that) make (on/up) the base of the food chain at the surface. Then, how do deep-sea fish eat? They wait until surface plants and animals (will die/die). When an animal dies, for example, its body sinks. (In addition to/In addition) the meat, the dead body carries down plants, (what/which) are also eaten by deep-sea fish. The Tripod fish is one kind of fish (what/that) feeds this way. It has large fin rays (what/which) let it "stand" on the sand on the ocean floor. Then the fish stretches out (their/its) fins to feel the vibrations in the water (causing/caused) by (gallen/falling) food. only about 1 percent of food sinks down to 1,000 meters, (although/though), (because of/because) so many other animals are (waited/waiting) to catch it and eat it. This source of food is (calling/called) "food-fall." Many small animals survive (for/on) it, and then they become food for larger animals.
Lack of food can pose a big problem for animals __________________ in the deep sea. ___________________, __________________ sunlight, the deep sea lacks the simple plants ______________________________ the base of the food chain at the surface. Then, how do deep-sea fish eat? They wait _________________ surface plants and animals __________. When an animal ______________, ____________________, its body sinks. _______________________ the meat, the dead body carries down plants, ___________________ are also eaten by deep-sea fish. The Tripod fish is one kind of fish ________________ feeds this way. It has large fin rays _______________ let it "_____________" on the sand on the ocean floor.
Then the fish _________________________ its fins to feel the vibrations in the water __________________ by _______________________________. only about 1 percent of food sinks down to 1,000 meters, ______________, because so many other animals are ______________ to catch it and eat it. This source of food is called "____________________." Many small animals ______________________ it, and then they become food for larger animals.
Before You Go on
1. Why is it impossible for surface fish to survive below 2,000 meters?
2. What does the tripod fish use to feel the vibrations from falling food?
Over to You
• If you were at the bottom of the sea, what would you want to find out the most?
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Deep-Sea Biology 101
먹이의 부족은 심해에 살고 있는 동물들에게 큰 문제가 될 수 있다. 결국, 햇빛이 없는 상태에서 심해에는, 수면에서 먹이 사슬의 기저를 이루는 작은 식물들이 부족하다. 그렇다면 심해 물고기들은 어떻게 먹고 살까? 그들은 해수면의 식물이나 동물이 죽을 때까지 기다린다. 예를 들어, 동물이 죽으면, 그 몸은 가라앉는다. 이 사체는 자신의 몸 외에도 식물을 함께 운반해 내려가는데, 이것 또한 심해의 물고기에게 먹힌다. 삼발이고기는 이런 식으로 먹이를 먹는 물고기의 종류 중 하나이다. 그것은 바다의 바닥에 있는 모래에서 ‘서 있도록’ 해주는 커다란 지느러미 줄을 가지고 있다. 그러면 그 물고기는 떨어지는 먹이에 의한 물의 진동을 느끼기 위해 지느러미를 쭉 뻗는다. 하지만, 너무나 많은 다른 동물들이 떨어지는 먹이를 잡아서 먹기 위해 기다리고 있기 때문에 약 1%의 먹이만이 1000미터 아래까지 가라앉는다. 이런 식량원은 ‘food-fall'이라고 불린다. 많은 작은 동물들은 이것을 먹고 생존하며, 그 후 그들은 더 큰 동물들의 먹이가 된다.
본문 5
Until the late 1800s, almost nothing was known of the deep ocean.
Between 1872 and 1876, the H.M.S. Challenger, a British naval ship, traveled around the world, finding life at a depth of 5,500 meters.
Nearly 100 years later, the Danish Galathea Expedition
found animals near the Philippines at 10,190 meters.
With each scientific exploration, people find more and more new species.
However, many mysteries still exist.
Some species that we thought were extinct, for example,
have been found alive.
As technology improves, it will be possible to observe
this mysterious and unusual underwater world even more closely.
01. 다음 우리 말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 괄호 안에서 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
My cooking skills have (disapproved/ improved). It actually taste delicious!
(나의 요리 실력이 늘었어. 음식이 정말 맛있어)
2~3) 다음 설명을 읽고 빈 칸에 알맞은 단어를 주어진 상자에서 찾아 쓰시오.
02. A(n) is a journey undertaken for a specific purpose, like exploration.
03. When you something, you watch it carefully to learn something about it.
naval expedition exist extinct observe
다음 우리말과 같은 뜻이 되도록 주어진 단어를 알맞은 형태로 바꿔 쓰시오.
04. Since 1800s, many advances in marine science.(make)
1800년대 이후로 해양과학에 많은 발전이 있어왔다.
05. Soon it will be possible for us more about the deep sea.(know)
우리는 곧 심해에 대래 더 많은 것을 알게 될 것이다.
Until the late 1800s, (most/almost) nothing was known of the deep ocean. Between 1872 and 1876, the H.M.S. Challenger, a British naval ship, traveled around the world, (found/finding) life at a (deep/depth) of 5,500 meters. (Near/Nearly) 100 years later, the Danish Galathea Expedition found animals (nearly/near) the Philippines at 10,190 meters.
(Without/With) each scientific exploration, people find more and more new species. However, many mysteries still exist. Some species (what/that) we thought were extinct, for example, have been found (live/alive). As technology improves, it will be possible to observe this mysterious and unusual underwater world (very/even) more closely.
Deep-Sea Biology 101
________________ the late 1800s, _____________ nothing was ______________________ the deep ocean. _____________________ 1872 and 1876, the H.M.S. Challenger, a British naval ship, traveled around the world, _____________________ life at a depth of 5,500 meters. _______________ 100 years later, the Danish Galathea Expedition found animals near the Philippines at 10,190 meters.
_______________ each scientific exploration, people find ____________________________ new species. ____________________, many mysteries _________________ exist. Some species ___________ _____________________ were extinct, ___________________, __________________________ ________________. ____________________ technology __________________, _____________ will be possible _______________ this mysterious and unusual underwater world __________________ __________________.
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Deep-Sea Biology 101
1800년대 후반까지는 심해에 대해 알려진 바가 거의 없었다. 1872년에서 1876년까지 영국 해군 함정인 H.M.S. Challenger 호는 전 세계를 누비다가 5500 미터의 깊이에서 생명체를 발견했다. 100년 가까이 지난 후, 덴마크의 Galathea 탐험대는 필리핀 근처의 10190 미터 깊이에서 동물들을 발견했다.
각각의 과학 탐험에서, 사람들은 새로운 생물 종을 점점 더 많이 발견한다. 하지만 여전히 많은 미스터리가 남아 있다. 예를 들어, 멸종되었다고 생각했던 몇몇 종이 살아있는 채로 발견되었다. 과학 기술이 발달하면서, 이 신비롭고 독특한 해저 세상을 보다 가까이에서 관찰할 수 있게 될 것이다.
9과 예상문제
[1-4] 아래의 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
People throughout history have looked out over the sea and wondered what kind of world lies beneath the waves. (가)The oceans contain about 300 times more area in which to support life than the world's continents do. But (나)since 75 percent of this area lies more than 1,000 meters below the surface, it has been hidden from us. (다)Only with advanced technology we have been able to explore this vast part of our world, so photographs and descriptions of the unique and fascinating animals living there have only begun to reach us recently.
1. 밑줄 친 (가)를 같은 의미가 되도록 문장을 완성하시오.
=> The oceans contain about area in which to support life the world's continents do.
2. 밑줄 친 (가)에서 do는 무엇을 의미하는지 영어로 쓰시오.
3. (나)의 since와 같은 의미로 쓰인 것을 고르시오.
① That was years ago. I've changed jobs since then.
② Cath hasn't phoned since she went to Berlin.
③ She had been worrying ever since the letter arrived.
④ Since you were out, I left a message.
⑤ He's been working in a bank since leaving school.
4. 밑줄 친 (다)에서 어법상 잘못된 곳을 찾아 바르게 고치시오.
5. 아래의 글에서 어법상 틀린 곳을 고르시오.
The deep sea, at a depth of 200 meters or more, is a harsh environment ㉠with temperatures below five degrees Celsius. The pressure can reach 200 times the air pressure at the surface, and there is no sunlight. Most animals ㉡which live near or above the surface could never survive there, but deep－sea animals ㉢have changed to fit the harsh conditions. Gradually, we are learning about ㉣how do they live and ㉤gaining answers to some of our questions.
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
[6-10] 아래의 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
(가) , how can animals see without any light? Surprisingly, there is actually some light in the deep sea. Some animals have found a way to make their own light. No one really knows ㉠how it works yet, but many fish create a chemical light, ㉡which makes them ㉢to glow underwater. These ㉣fish might use their light to communicate, find a mate, or even ㉤attract food. They may also use (나)it to scare away bigger fish. (다)It seems that many underwater creatures have developed unusual eyes to take advantage of this source of light. Their eyes do not need to see in the way (라)ours do, but they are huge and can see the chemical light in the deep sea.
6. 5번 문제의 글과 이어질 때 밑줄 친 (가)에 들어갈 알맞은 연결사를 고르시오.
① For this reason ② For instance ③ As a result ④ At least ⑤ Accordingly
7. 밑줄 친 (나)가 의미하는 것을 영어로 쓰시오.
8. 밑줄 친 (다)를 같은 의미가 되도록 아래의 단어로 시작으로 완성하시오.
=> Many underwater creatures
9. (라)의 ours가 의미하는 것을 영어로 쓰시오.
10. 윗글에서 어법상 틀린 곳을 고르시오.
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
[11-14] 아래의 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
(가) But what about deep－sea animals? How do they survive the pressure? Unlike fish that live near the surface, most of them do not have air spaces in their bodies. They are made entirely of liquid or solid material, so they are not affected by the pressure. However, this poses a problem for animals that need to travel (라) the deep sea to the ocean's surface. How can an animal go down to 2,000 meters below sea level and return to the ocean's surface, without gravity making them too heavy to swim upwards?
(나) The extreme pressure below 2,000 meters crushes human lungs and makes it impossible for surface fish to survive there. The only way humans have been able to go down that deep is in special submarines, which protect the crews (라) the intense pressure.
(다) Several animals can (마)do this. At the surface, whales take in a great amount of air through their blowholes. The air moves into the lungs, but as the whale goes deeper under the surface, the air moves into special places that are filled with fatty oils. Since the air mixes well with the oil, the whale's lungs are not crushed. Sharks and rays can also move around naturally, because they have large, oily livers (to help them go up) and soft watery flesh (to help them sink).
11. 위 글의 순서를 바르게 나열한 것은?
① (가)-(다)-(나) ② (나)-(가)-(다) ③ (나)-(다)-(가)
④ (다)-(나)-(가) ⑤ (가)-(나)-(다)
12. 밑줄 친 (라)에 공통으로 들어갈 알맞은 전치사를 고르시오.
① to ② from ③ with ④ on ⑤ of
13. 글의 내용과 다른 것을 고르시오.
① 심해 동물은 액체나 고체로 물질로 되어있어 압력에 의해 영향을 받지 않는다.
② 인간은 특별한 잠수함을 타고서 2,000미터 아래로 내려 갈 수 있다.
③ 심해 동물은 해수면 가까이에 사는 물고기들과는 달리 대부분 몸속에 공기가 들어가는 공간이 있다.
④ 해수면에서 고래들은 그들의 물 뿜는 구멍을 통해 많은 양의 공기를 들이마신다.
⑤ 상어와 가오리는 그들이 위로 올라가도록 도와주는 크고 지방질이 많은 간을 가지고 있 다.
14. 밑줄 친 (마)가 의미하는 것을 우리말로 쓰시오.
[15-17]아래의 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.
Lack of food can pose a big problem for animals (가)live in the deep sea. ㉠After all, without sunlight, the deep sea lacks the simple plants which make up the base of the food chain at the surface. ㉡They wait until surface plants and animals die. When an animal dies, for example, its body sinks. In addition to the meat, the dead body carries down plants, which are also eaten by deep－sea fish. ㉢The tripod fish is one kind of fish that feeds this way. ㉣It has large fin rays which let it "stand" on the sand on the ocean floor. Then the fish stretches out its fins to feel the vibrations in the water (나)cause by falling food. only about 1 percent of food sinks down to 1,000 meters, though, because so many other animals are waiting to catch it and eat it. ㉤This source of food is called "food －fall." Many small animals survive on (다)it, and then (라)they become food for larger animals.
15. 글의 흐름상 다음의 글은 윗글 어디에 위치해야 하는지 고르시오.
Then, how do deep－sea fish eat?
① ㉠ ② ㉡ ③ ㉢ ④ ㉣ ⑤ ㉤
16. 밑줄 친 (가), (나)의 동사의 형태로 알맞은 것을 고르시오.
(가) (나)
① living causing
② living caused
③ lived caused
④ lived caused
⑤ live causes
17. 밑줄 친 (다), (라)가 의미하는 것을 영어로 쓰시오.
(가) :
(나) :
[18-20] 아래의 글을 일고 물음에 답하시오.
Until the late 1800s, almost nothing was known of the deep ocean. Between 1872 and 1876, the H. M. S. Challenger, a British naval ship, traveled around the world, ㉠(finding/found) life at a depth of 5,500 meters. Nearly 100 years later, the Danish Galathea Expedition found animals near the Philippines at 10,190 meters.
With each scientific exploration, people find more and more new species. However, many mysteries still exist. (가)(extinct, species, we, were, some, that, thought), for example, have been found ㉡(living/alive). As technology improves, it will be possible ㉢(observe/to observe) this mysterious and unusual underwater world (나)even more closely.
18. 윗글에서 ㉠, ㉡, ㉢에 들어갈 알맞은 단어들로 이루어진 것을 고르시오.
㉠ ㉡ ㉢
① finding living observe
② finding alive to observe
③ found living observe
④ found living to observe
⑤ found alive observe
19. (우리가 멸종되었다고 생각했던 몇몇 종은) 이라는 의미가 되도록 (가)의 괄호안의 단어 들을 순서대로 나열하시오.
20. 밑줄 친 (나)를 대신할 수 없는 단어를 고르시오.
① far ② still ③ a lot ④ much ⑤ very
Lesson 9. 예상문제 정답
1. 300 times as much as
2. contain
3. ④
4. we have => have we
5. ④
6. ②
7. their light
8. Many underwater creatures seem to have developed unusual eyes to take advantage of this source of light.
9. our eyes
10. ③
11. ②
12. ②
13. ③
14. 해수면 2,000미터 아래로 내려갔다가 중력의 영향을 받지 않고 다시 해수면으로 헤엄 쳐 올라오는 것
15. ②
16. ②
17. (가) food-fall
(나) small animals
18. ②
19. Some species that we thought were extinct
20. ⑤